Information warfare is often treated as a messaging problem, but in modern conflict it can function as a long-range effector. A narrative, image, video, or allegation can be delivered across continents, aimed at a specific audience, amplified through social media, and used to create physical or operational effects: delaying a ship, disrupting logistics, suppressing weapons shipments, influencing legislators, or forcing commanders to divert resources. This does not mean... (read more)
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